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Richard Hills Collection Reynolds, John, millwright
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"Noria, Forbes, Reynolds"

A noria is a water wheel used for raising water from a river so that it can flow by gravity via aqueduct to villages and cultivated land for irrigation. Today, various types of machines are referred to as norias, with differences in structure, power sources and purpose. Some apply the term noria to refer only to water wheels used to elevate water powered by the flow of a river. Others use the term for a variety of water-lifting wheels or devices, whether it is rotated by animal, man power or river, including those that function as pulleys with buckets attached to chains or ropes used for obtaining water from a well where the water table is low.

Hills, Richard Leslie (1936-2019), historian and clergyman

"Boat Mill, Veranzio, Machinae Novae"

Faustus Veranzius, 1571-1617, (also known as Veranzio) was a polymath and bishop from Šibenik, then part of the Venetian Republic and today part of Croatia. He published 'Machinae novae' in 1616, just before his death, describing his inventions. Some of Verantius’ inventions are applicable to the solution of hydrological problems, for example, the project for preventing the Tiber from overflowing its banks at Rome and that of providing Venice with fresh water. Others concern the construction of clepsydras, sundials, mills, presses, and bridges and boats destined for widely different uses.

Hills, Richard Leslie (1936-2019), historian and clergyman

"Boat Mill, Veranzio 1616, Reynolds"

Faustus Veranzius, 1571-1617, (also known as Veranzio) was a polymath and bishop from Šibenik, then part of the Venetian Republic and today part of Croatia. He published 'Machinae novae' in 1616, just before his death, describing his inventions. Some of Verantius’ inventions are applicable to the solution of hydrological problems, for example, the project for preventing the Tiber from overflowing its banks at Rome and that of providing Venice with fresh water. Others concern the construction of clepsydras, sundials, mills, presses, and bridges and boats destined for widely different uses.

Hills, Richard Leslie (1936-2019), historian and clergyman